May 5, 202611 min read
Types of Family Therapy Explained
Learn about the main types of family therapy, how each approach works, and how therapy can help families build stronger relationships.
MaveirckRead
Same-day assessments · Orange County, CA
Same-day assessments · Orange County, CA
Negative Effects of Kratom: Understanding Risks, Symptoms, and Treatment Options Kratom’s growing popularity masks serious health hazards, and understanding the negative effects of kratom can protect physical and mental well-being while guiding those affected toward professional support. In this art
Jake
Clinical Editorial Team
Negative Effects of Kratom: Understanding Risks, Symptoms, and Treatment Options Kratom’s growing popularity masks serious health hazards, and understanding the negative effects of kratom can protect physical and mental well-being while guiding those affected toward professional support. In this art
Kratom’s growing popularity masks serious health hazards, and understanding the negative effects of kratom can protect physical and mental well-being while guiding those affected toward professional support. In this article, you will learn what kratom is, how it acts on the body, and the immediate side effects that can arise from even short-term use. We will explore withdrawal symptoms and addiction risks, examine long-term damage to organs and mood, outline overdose recognition, and highlight evidence-based treatments—including virtual pathways—that support recovery and lasting wellness.
Kratom is an herbal substance derived from Mitragyna speciosa leaves that produces opioid-like effects by binding to mu-opioid receptors in the brain. This mechanism alters pain perception and mood regulation, which can lead to misuse when users chase energy boosts or relief from anxiety. For example, someone seeking relief from chronic pain may develop tolerance as kratom compounds increasingly activate opioid pathways, setting the stage for dependence.
The primary psychoactive constituents in kratom are:
Learn about the main types of family therapy, how each approach works, and how therapy can help families build stronger relationships.
Explore how family therapy for addiction recovery helps loved ones rebuild trust, improve support, and create a healthier path forward.
Take the Next Step
If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction or mental health, the Rize OC team is here to help — confidentially and with no obligation.
These alkaloids work together to produce kratom’s dual stimulant and depressant profile. Understanding these compounds helps clarify why even occasional kratom use can progress toward tolerance and misuse.
Research indicates that 7-hydroxymitragynine, a potent active metabolite of mitragynine, is primarily responsible for kratom’s opioid-receptor-mediated analgesic effects. This conversion occurs in the liver, where mitragynine is metabolized into the more potent 7-hydroxymitragynine, which then strongly activates mu-opioid receptors.
This research directly supports the article’s explanation of kratom’s active compounds, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, and their mechanism of action on opioid receptors in the brain.
Kratom alkaloids act as partial mu-opioid agonists, which means they bind to the same receptors as morphine but with slightly lower efficacy. This interaction decreases pain signals and can induce sedation at higher doses. Over time, repeated activation of these receptors triggers neuroadaptation, wherein users need larger quantities to achieve the same effects—a hallmark of opioid-type dependence.
This receptor adaptation underlies both acute relief and the potential for significant withdrawal, leading us to examine traditional versus modern uses next.
Traditional Southeast Asian communities used kratom leaves for fatigue management, mild analgesia, and social rituals without widespread dependence. In contrast, modern kratom powders and extracts concentrate active alkaloids far beyond leaf preparations. This shift elevates risks of compulsive use, organ toxicity, and mental health destabilization as shown in recent health advisories.
Immediate kratom side effects arise within hours of ingestion and can compromise daily functioning. Occasional users may experience mild reactions, but frequent intake heightens the risk of severe nausea, dizziness, and mood swings that disrupt work, school, and family life.
Before examining psychological impacts, consider key physical reactions to kratom:
These effects can intensify with higher doses, leading to dehydration, nutrient deficiencies, and potential liver strain over time. Recognizing these symptoms early can prompt dosage reduction or professional advice.
Kratom’s influence on neurotransmitters can trigger:
Emotional disturbances often compound physical discomfort, creating a cycle of self-medication that accelerates dependence and worsens underlying mental health conditions.
Withdrawal syndrome occurs when regular kratom use abruptly stops, revealing both physical and psychological distress. Recognizing these signs early can guide users toward supportive interventions rather than continued self-medication.
Common physical withdrawal symptoms include:
These manifestations often begin within 6–12 hours after the last dose, prompting many to relapse without adequate coping strategies.
Emotional and cognitive withdrawal signs can be as challenging as physical ones:
Psychological distress can persist into post-acute withdrawal syndrome, underscoring the need for behavioral therapies and professional support.
The timeline for kratom withdrawal typically follows predictable stages:
Stage
Duration
Characteristics
Early
6–12 hours
Onset of anxiety, restlessness, muscle aches
Peak
Days 1–3
Intense nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, mood swings
Late
Days 4–7
Subsiding physical pain, ongoing cravings, sleep disturbances
Post-Acute
Weeks to months
Intermittent anxiety, depression, fatigue, cognitive fog persists
These stages reflect how the body resets its neurochemistry, leading into discussions of long-term dependence risk.
Chronic kratom use rewires reward circuits and stress responses, creating compulsive behaviors and tolerance. Dependence manifests when stopping kratom provokes withdrawal and intense cravings.
A comprehensive review highlights that the psychoactive alkaloids in kratom, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, act as partial mu-opioid agonists, leading to the development of dependence, withdrawal symptoms, cravings, and tolerance with regular use. The review also discusses various treatment options available for kratom dependence.
This review provides foundational evidence for the article’s sections on how kratom causes addiction and dependence, as well as the common signs and symptoms of kratom withdrawal.
Yes, kratom is addictive due to its partial mu-opioid agonism, which triggers dopamine release and reinforces repeated use. Over time, users build tolerance and chase escalating doses to avoid withdrawal and maintain euphoric or analgesic effects.
This addictive potential parallels that of prescription opioids, necessitating careful monitoring and early intervention.
Indicators of substance use disorder from kratom include:
Spotting these behaviors early supports timely treatment and reduces long-term damage.
Certain factors increase vulnerability to kratom addiction:
Understanding these risk factors guides prevention efforts and personalized care plans.
Extended kratom consumption can inflict cumulative damage on organs, cardiovascular function, and mental health. Awareness of these impacts empowers users to seek help before irreparable harm occurs.
This narrative review details various adverse health effects linked to kratom use, including cardiovascular issues such as cardiac arrest and tachycardia, neurological problems like seizures and brain hemorrhage, and psychiatric effects. It also underscores the increased risks and complications when kratom is used concurrently with other substances.
This review supports the article’s discussion on the long-term health effects of chronic kratom use, covering cardiovascular, neurological, and mental health impacts, and the dangers of combining kratom with other substances, which can exacerbate overdose risks.
Chronic use has been linked to hepatotoxicity marked by elevated liver enzymes, jaundice, and abdominal pain. Case reports describe acute liver injury following concentrated kratom extracts, highlighting the plant’s potential to disrupt normal hepatic metabolism.
Repeated liver insults can progress to fibrosis if kratom use persists alongside other liver stressors.
Long-term kratom intake can provoke:
These effects stem from alkaloid-mediated stimulation of adrenergic receptors, stressing the heart and blood vessels.
Neurological complications include:
Alkaloids crossing the blood-brain barrier can alter neural excitability, raising the risk of serious neurological events.
With ongoing kratom exposure, many users experience:
These psychiatric effects often require integrated mental health care to achieve lasting recovery.
Extended kratom misuse may also cause:
These physical signs can serve as visible alerts to underlying substance issues and prompt intervention.
Overdose arises when kratom’s depressant actions on respiration and cardiac function become life-threatening, often exacerbated by other substances.
Signs of a potentially fatal kratom overdose include:
Prompt recognition and emergency response are critical to survival.
Polysubstance use greatly heightens overdose risk, as kratom’s opioid-like suppression of respiration intensifies when mixed with alcohol, benzodiazepines, or prescription opioids. This synergistic effect can rapidly lead to respiratory failure.
Understanding these interactions underscores the importance of professional supervision during detox.
Professional treatment provides medical safety, psychological support, and relapse prevention strategies that are crucial for sustainable recovery. Evidence-based programs address both biological dependence and co-occurring mental health needs.
Supervised care ensures safe detoxification under medical oversight, reducing severe withdrawal risks. Structured therapies foster coping skills and emotional regulation that prevent relapse and promote long-term sobriety.
This comprehensive approach lays the groundwork for rebuilding health and relationships.
Virtual addiction treatment leverages online therapy, group counseling, and remote medication management to deliver flexible, individualized care. By connecting with licensed clinicians from home, individuals can maintain daily routines while accessing evidence-based support. Discover how Rize OC’s virtual addiction treatment options combine CBT, DBT, and medication-assisted therapy for accessible telehealth addiction and mental health care.
Such remote programs remove barriers of travel and scheduling, making sustained engagement more achievable.
Effective modalities for kratom addiction include:
Integrating these therapies creates a robust framework for overcoming dependence.
Kratom interactions with neurotransmitter systems can worsen existing psychiatric conditions or trigger new disorders, necessitating integrated dual-diagnosis care.
Kratom’s withdrawal cycle can plunge users into deep depressive episodes and heightened anxiety as brain chemistry struggles to rebalance. Chronic use impairs natural serotonin and dopamine pathways, making standard antidepressant treatments less effective until abstinence is secured.
Recognizing this interplay supports tailored interventions that address both addiction and mood stabilization.
In susceptible individuals, high-dose kratom use has precipitated psychotic episodes marked by hallucinations, paranoia, and delusional thinking. Rapid mood swings can alternate between euphoria and severe agitation, indicating a need for psychiatric evaluation and medication adjustments.
Early identification of these symptoms prevents escalation to self-harm or hospitalization.
Dual diagnosis treatment integrates mental health counseling with addiction therapies to address underlying disorders alongside kratom dependence. Coordinated care teams—including psychiatrists, therapists, and case managers—develop comprehensive plans that combine psychopharmacology, talk therapy, and peer support.
This holistic model improves both psychiatric stability and long-term recovery outcomes.
Kratom poses significant risks to multiple body systems and mental health, yet hope remains through informed awareness and professional support. If you or a loved one experiences kratom dependence, connecting with specialized care offers the safest pathway to relief and lasting wellness. Reach out to Rize OC for compassionate guidance and virtual treatment options designed to restore balance and promote recovery.
The legal status of kratom varies significantly by region. In the United States, it is not federally regulated, but some states and municipalities have enacted bans or restrictions. Users should be aware of local laws, as possession, sale, or use can lead to legal consequences. Additionally, kratom’s classification may change as more research emerges regarding its safety and efficacy, so staying informed is crucial for potential users.
Discontinuing kratom should ideally be done under medical supervision, especially for those who have developed dependence. A gradual tapering approach is often recommended to minimize withdrawal symptoms. Support from healthcare professionals, counseling, and peer support groups can provide essential guidance and emotional support during the process. Developing coping strategies and engaging in healthy activities can also aid in a smoother transition away from kratom.
Kratom can interact with various medications, particularly those that affect the central nervous system, such as antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and opioids. These interactions can enhance side effects or lead to dangerous outcomes, including respiratory depression. It is crucial for individuals using kratom to consult with healthcare providers about any medications they are taking to avoid adverse effects and ensure safe use.
If you suspect someone is experiencing a kratom overdose, it is vital to seek emergency medical help immediately. Symptoms such as severe respiratory distress, loss of consciousness, or seizures require urgent attention. While waiting for help, ensure the person is in a safe position, monitor their breathing, and provide any necessary information to medical personnel upon their arrival to facilitate prompt treatment.
While some individuals use kratom for pain relief, its safety and efficacy are not well-established. The potential for addiction, withdrawal, and adverse health effects raises concerns about its use as a long-term pain management solution. Patients should consult healthcare professionals to explore safer, evidence-based alternatives for pain management and discuss any kratom use to ensure comprehensive care.
Signs that someone may need help with kratom use include increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms when not using, neglecting responsibilities, and continued use despite negative consequences. Emotional changes, such as heightened anxiety or mood swings, can also indicate a problem. If these behaviors are observed, encouraging the individual to seek professional help can be a crucial step toward recovery.
Kratom poses serious risks to both physical health and mental well-being, making awareness and understanding essential for those affected. Seeking professional support can provide the necessary tools for recovery and long-term wellness. If you or someone you know is struggling with kratom dependence, consider reaching out to Rize OC for compassionate, specialized care. Together, we can navigate the path to healing and restore balance in life.
About the Author
In This Article
Ready for Help?
Confidential support, same day.
